Open-heart bypass surgery is a major procedure performed to relieve severe coronary artery blockages that hinder blood flow to the heart. This process creates an alternative route for blood to bypass obstructed arteries, often blocked by plaque—a combination of calcium, cholesterol, and other substances. When plaque builds up along arterial walls, blood flow to the heart muscle reduces, which can lead to conditions like angina or severe heart attacks. For those with advanced coronary artery disease or ineffective treatments through medication or lifestyle adjustments, bypass surgery may be essential.